Making Sense

"Failure of Imagination" is the inability to understand in advance the full range of outcomes. Overnight, USD index weakened and USTs were unchanged. The implied Fed Fund pricing shows 20 bps of Fed Fund Rate cut priced into the March Policy and a cumulative 143 bps of Rate cuts priced until the Dec 2024 policy. Post the FOMC Rate decision, Markets had priced in 23 bps of rate cuts by March Policy and 148 bps of rate cuts by Dec Policy. We had comments from 2 Fed Speakers both of whom are FOMC Voters into 2024. Raphael Bostic reiterated his view of 2 rate cuts into 2024 starting sometime in Q3 and  stated that there is no urgency to back away from restrictive policy stance. Thomas Barkin stated that inflation continues to move in the right direction and if inflation trajectory evolves on expected lines, the Fed would act appropriately. U.S released housing data where Housing Starts rose 14.80% mom while Building permits at 1.46 mn were below consensus of 1.465 mn. On the dome...

System Liquidity turned negative as the LAF numbers released by RBI show a deficit of inr 42K crore from a surplus of 2K crore yesterday. This deficit in liquidity is being attributed to short tenor S/B FX Swaps conducted by RBI.  Yields on the IN10s surged following the announcement of likely OMO sales in the RBI policy on Oct 6. Despite the sharp fall in US yields yesterday on dovish Fed speak and safe haven buying, Yields on the 10Y closed (at 7.35%) near the day's high of 7.37%. Reckon OMO announcement will only come once there is a decisive turn in system liquidity to surplus and a durable decline in weighted average call rate (WACR) in the overnight segment. The WACR yesterday was 6.72%. Today the Gsec yields are trading lower at 7.3150%. Keeping a close watch on evolving liquidity conditions while forecasting the liquidity requirement on a weekly basis will be important to judge the timing of the OMO sales. 

For the week until 29 Mar 2023, liquidity improved from an injection of INR 46K Crore through the LAF window to an absorption of INR 38K Crore as Government month end spending kicked in. Outstanding operations of INR 95K matured this week. RBI had announced a 56K crore fine tuning operation which matured on 28 Mar 2023. Market was expecting an announcement of another fine tuning operation to smoothen the year end volatility but none came. The weighted average call rate (WACR) came in at 7.11%. RBI Governor, Mr. Das, had earlier suggested in the Dec policy that market participants must wean themselves away from the overhang of liquidity surpluses. I think RBI is trying to manage the WACR within the upper bound of the policy corridor (6.75%) and thereby suppling just about enough liquidity to manage the friction.  The durable liquidity surplus which stood at 101,000 Crore as on 10th March 2023 will move either flat or negative in Q1 FY2024. This is driven by an estimated 4% rise in C...

RBI announced a fine tuning liquidity operation to the tune of INR 75000 cr for liquidity infusions on 24th March 2023 on account of maturity of 95K crore of outstanding Repo operations. The uptake was to the tune of 56K Cr, lower than the notified amount of 75K cr. Accordingly, Liquidity injected from O/S operations stands to the tune of INR 92K crore and fine tuning operations stands at 56K crore. Net liquidity absorbed through the corridor facilities (MSF + SDF) stands at 70K crore. LAF injection is at 78K crore . W eighed Average Call Rate has been stable at 6.55%.   Durable Liquidity has been steadily declining and as on 10 March 2023, the number stood at 101K cr declining 58k cr between 24 Feb 23 and 10 Mar 23. As on 16 Dec 2022 durable liquidity was 299K cr and CIC 32.41 Lac cr. CIC for the w/e 10 Mar 23 is 33.73 lac cr, change of 1.3 lac cr. So durable liquidity has seen a change of 198k cr which can be explained through 1.3 lac cr change in CIC and the balance Inr 68k cr ...

RBI announced a 5 day VRR (Variable Rate Repo) auction for an amount of INR 75K Crore. A total of INR 94637 of outstanding Repo operations is due to mature today.   As on 23 March 2023, Liquidity injection through the LAF window was to the tune of INR 45K Crore and weighted average call rates have eased from 6.66% to 6.56%. Cash balances maintained with RBI dipped to INR 790K Crore from previous day INR 818K Crore. 

  Quick wrap on the market moves in the Asian Session: USDINR touched a low of 81.63 on Monday and caught a bid towards the end of the session as risk sentiment deteriorated. Today, trading in USDINR has opened with a gap up on hawkish remarks from the Federal Reserve Chairman. Balance 25% holdings were squared on the gap up. Next crucial resistance for the pair is 82.30. Domestic equity markets are trading in the red with Nifty at 17700, down 0.30% and is seen facing resistance at the 17770 level .  India  Money market operations (figures in bracket show prev day closing numbers) LAF absorption                     -49,000 crores (-61,000 crs) O/S Repo                                  +89,000 crore (+86000 crs) SDF+MSF                       ...

"The goal of a successful trader is to make the best trades. Money is secondary." Quick wrap on the market moves at the start of Asian Session: USDINR is in a strong momentum lower and part of the position was squared off  . Follow the momentum !! 81.75 is an important support but the move could very well stretch to 81.50 or 81.02. We need to look for price action to confirm a reversal trade. Patience !! Patience !! Domestic equity markets are trading in the green with Nifty at 17788, up 1.1% after failing to break the 200 DMA at 17414. FPI flows have been stable with Friday number seen at $ 30 mn inflow. The Services PMI released on friday showed services activity at a 12 year high and robust GST collection of Inr 1.50 trn in the month of February. India Money market operations (figures in bracket show prev day closing numbers) LAF absorption                     -61,000 crores (-82,000 crs) O/S Repo      ...

Follow your Playbook of trades !! USDINR trade has worked beautifully. Yesterday, we did get a sideways consolidation to initiate shorts for better part of the day. The next important support is 81.75 where profits can be booked on 75% of the position.  GQG Partners on Thursday announced the completion of USD 1.87 bn secondary equity transactions in the Adani portfolio companies.  Brokerage firm Citi estimates that the increase in free float in Adani Group companies will lead to inflows b/w usd 200 – 230 mn and the possibility of a change in weightage in MSCI's May review. Services PMI at a 12 year high The S&P Global India Services PMI expanded to a 12-year high of 59.4 in in the month of February ( prior 57.2 ) showing the best improvement in new business intakes in 12 years. Input cost inflation eased to a 23-month low, while output cost inflation slowed to a 12-month low.  In the recently concluded Assembly elections in North East – Nagaland, Meghalaya and Tripura...

 The concluding remarks of the Monthly Bulletin are beautiful. It says, "In mythologies across civilisations, the sun is depicted as riding a chariot typically drawn by four horses. In Indian mythology, the sun's chariot is drawn by seven horses. The seventh horse represents dreams, aspirations and the future. It is said that even if the other six horses are injured or exhausted, the seventh horse can take the sun's chariot to it's destination" So dare to dream big and reach your destination whatever that may be. US markets were closed yesterday. Today the activity is muted with strength seen in USD index, higher US Treasury yields and domestic rates higher.  Yesterday, LAF injection stood at inr 41k crore with SDF at 105K crore and O/S Repo operations at 146K crore. WACR traded at 6.56% as liquidity tightens on GST outflows. OIS rates are about 1 - 2 bps higher / India 10Y Gsec is trading at 7.38% / Modified Mifor is 3 odd basis higher while forwards are trading ...

 Let's quickly summarize the price moves in the domestic market: Asian markets echoed the risk sentiment seen overnight. Domestic equities continue to trade lower with price range in a narrow band of 17820 - 17885. RBI LAF window saw injection of 11K crore yesterday. USDINR traded heavy at the 82.60 region and by 1:30 pm IST fell to 82.29 lows while the forward curve consolidated the recent fall in premiums. The action was muted across OIS curves and G-sec curve. 1Y OIS flat at 6.8150% and 5Y paid 3 bps higher at 6.39%. Other news of interest: China's Alibaba Group sells its entire remaining 3.4% stake in Paytm MSCI said it plans to cut the weightings for 4 Adani Group companies - Adani Enterprises, Adani Total Gas, Adani Transmission and recently acquired ACC Cements. The four companies had a combined 0.4% weighting in the MSCI emerging markets index as of Jan. 30. The changes come into effect on March 1. Acc to Periscope Analytics, around $570 million is estimated to be sold ...

"Accuracy of Observation is the equivalent of accuracy of Thinking" I wrote about the expectations from the MPC yesterday and as expected RBI hiked repo rate by 25 bps to 6.50%. Consequently, SDF rate now stands at 6.25% and MSF rate at 6.75%. MPC voted 4 - 2 for change in policy rate.  On the change in monetary policy stance, MPC voted 4 - 2 to maintain monetary policy stance " withdrawal of accommodation" Key Highlights from the MPC Rate decision 1. Global growth prospects have improved 2. Domestic growth is likely to be supported by higher Rabi acreage, sustained urban demand, improving rural demand, robust credit expansion, gains in consumer and business optimism and the government’s enhanced thrust on capital expenditure and infrastructure in the Union Budget 2023-24 3. While RBI acknowledged the continuing downward momentum in inflation in FY 24, it estimated inflation to rule above 4% (RBI has an inflation target of 4% +/- 2%) and domestic economic growth to...

"What we hope ever to do with ease, we must learn first to do with diligence" Asian markets are trading higher as China resumes after week long Lunar Holidays. China re-opening alongside lower quantum of rate hikes from the US Fed has lifted the sentiment around EM currencies.  USDCNH (6.75) is now back in the consolidation range of 6.65 - 6.78 in which the currency was trapped from May until mid August 2022.  USDKRW (1228) is trading below the May 2022 lows and now finds support at 1206-1207 levels. USDTHB (32.73) is also fast approaching the Feb 2022 lows at 32.07. While KRW and THB have appreciated over 15% against the USD followed by CNH, IDR has been a relative underperformer, appreciating only 5.50% from peak to trough.  USDJPY has been facing resistance at 130.60 - 131.00 levels since 23rd Jan 2023 with market consensus leaning towards further widening of the YCC band. Today, a report by a panel of academics and business executives urged the BOJ to make its 2% infl...

Current liquidity operations with the RBI As on 26th Dec 2022, the net LAF injection by RBI stood at 15K crore. Understanding the component wise break up is important here:  The maturity profile of the outstanding operations is as : RBI stance on liquidity RBI in the last monetary policy meeting retained the stance towards withdrawal of accommodation. The document stated "RBI remains watchful of evolving liquidity conditions and stands ready to inject liquidity, if required, to meet the productive requirements of the economy. This, however, would be contingent upon a durable turn in the liquidity cycle when banks would move away from holding large balances under the SDF and variable rate reverse repos". Anticipating the future liquidity trajectory Variable rate reverse repo stand at 13453 crs maturing on Dec 30, 2022.  Now the liquidity management framework (26 Sep 2019) recommended that the design of the corridor system generally requires system liquidity to be in a small de...